Which statement correctly defines voltage?

Voltage is defined as the potential energy difference per unit charge between two points in an electric circuit. This concept illustrates how much energy is available to move electric charges from one point to another. When a voltage is applied across a component in a circuit, it indicates how much energy each coulomb of charge will gain or lose as it moves through that component.

For instance, if a circuit element, such as a battery, has a voltage of 5 volts, each coulomb of charge that passes through the battery gains 5 joules of potential energy. This difference in potential energy is what drives the flow of electrons, allowing electrical devices to operate.

The other statements describe different aspects of electrical circuits: the flow of electrons relates to current, the rate of energy consumption pertains to power, and opposition to the flow of current refers to resistance. However, none of these convey the specific definition of voltage as accurately as potential energy difference per unit charge does.