Which of the following best explains why particles in solids vibrate more violently compared to gases?

The concept that particles in solids vibrate more violently compared to those in gases relates directly to the forces acting between the particles. In solids, the particles are held together tightly by strong intermolecular forces. While these forces keep the particles in relatively fixed positions, they also allow for limited vibrational movement. When thermal energy is applied to a solid, these strong intermolecular forces enable the particles to gain energy and vibrate more vigorously within their fixed positions.

In contrast, particles in gases have much weaker intermolecular forces and can move freely, resulting in fast and random motion, but with less defined vibrational patterns. Thus, the strong forces in solids not only keep the particles closely packed but also allow for significant vibrational motion as the particles absorb energy. This is why the correct choice accurately explains the vibrational behavior of solid particles compared to those in gases.