What material is typically used to construct the containment vessel of a nuclear reactor?

The containment vessel of a nuclear reactor is typically constructed from concrete reinforced with steel due to several critical factors.

Firstly, concrete provides excellent structural integrity and durability, which is essential in containing the high pressures and intense heat generated during nuclear reactions. Its mass also offers effective shielding against radiation, reducing the risk of exposure to the surrounding environment. Reinforcement with steel significantly enhances the tensile strength of the concrete, allowing it to better withstand stresses and potential seismic activity which is vital for the safety of the reactor.

This choice also aligns with safety protocols in nuclear engineering, where protecting both the reactor and the environment is paramount. The combination of concrete and steel achieves a balance between safety, cost, and effective performance, making it the preferred material for constructing containment vessels.