What is the definition of voltage?

Voltage is defined as the energy given to each coulomb of charge. This definition encapsulates the relationship between electric potential energy and electric charge within a circuit. When a voltage is applied, it creates an electric potential difference between two points, causing charge carriers (typically electrons) to move, which results in the flow of current.

In practical terms, when a charge moves through a voltage source (such as a battery), a certain amount of energy is transferred to each coulomb of charge. This transfer of energy allows the charge to perform work, such as powering a light bulb or running an electrical device. Thus, the concept of voltage is fundamentally tied to the work done per unit charge, making it essential for understanding how electrical energy is distributed and utilized in circuits.