What is the definition of diffraction?

Diffraction is defined as the bending of waves as they encounter an obstacle or pass through a narrow opening. This phenomenon occurs because waves can spread out and change direction when they interact with edges or openings, leading to patterns of constructive and destructive interference. In practical terms, this means that when waves such as sound or light pass through a small aperture or around an edge, they do not continue in a straight line but instead radiate into the space beyond the obstacle or gap.

Understanding diffraction is essential in various applications, such as explaining the behavior of light and sound in different environments, revealing how waves can exhibit properties similar to particles when confronted with obstacles. This concept is particularly significant in understanding wave-related phenomena in fields such as acoustics and optics.