What happens to living cells when they undergo ionisation from radiation?

When living cells undergo ionization from radiation, a significant change occurs at the molecular level. Ionization can damage the DNA and other critical cellular structures, leading to mutations. If these mutations affect genes that control cell division, the cells may begin to replicate uncontrollably. This uncontrolled growth is a hallmark of cancer.

The process can lead to cancerous transformations, as the damaged cells may evade normal regulatory mechanisms that would typically prevent uncontrolled division or induce programmed cell death (apoptosis). This is why the assertion that cells may become cancerous as a consequence of ionization is correct.

The other options do not accurately reflect the effects of ionization on living cells. For instance, ionization does not enhance the energy levels of cells; instead, it typically results in cellular damage. Similarly, cells do not replicate faster as a direct response to ionization; rather, they may experience impaired replication or abnormal replication due to damage. Lastly, ionization does not confer immunity to future radiation; in fact, cells that have already been damaged may be more susceptible to further ionizing radiation.