What does the symbol Q represent in physics?

The symbol Q in physics commonly represents charge, specifically electric charge. Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter, which causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. Charge can exist in two types: positive and negative, usually associated with protons and electrons, respectively.

In various physics contexts, Q is often used in equations and principles related to electricity, including Coulomb's law, which describes the force between two charged objects, and in the context of capacitors and circuits where it signifies the quantity of charge stored or flowing.

While energy, voltage, and current are also important concepts in physics, they are represented by different symbols. Energy is typically denoted by the symbol E, voltage by V, and current by I, making Q uniquely associated with charge. This distinction is crucial for understanding electrical phenomena and performing related calculations in physics.