Heat transfer in liquids and gases is mainly through which process?

Heat transfer in liquids and gases is primarily through convection because this process involves the movement of the fluid itself. In convection, warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise while cooler areas sink, creating a circulation pattern that facilitates the transfer of heat throughout the medium. This is particularly effective in fluids, as the particles can move freely, allowing for efficient heat distribution.

Conduction, while a method of heat transfer, is more significant in solids where particles are closely packed and can transfer energy through direct contact. Temperature equilibrium refers to the condition reached when two substances at different temperatures equalize in temperature but does not describe a method of heat transfer. Insulation is a material or method used to slow heat transfer, not a specific process of heat transfer itself.